Serial ATA - Wikipedia. Serial ATA (SATA, abbreviated from Serial AT Attachment).
Why prefer Linux hardware RAID? All the efficiencies that may be derived from reducing the number of copies of each WRITE (system -> controller, when compared to the software RAID case). Software RAID may saturate PCI bus. Serial ATA (SATA) chipsets — Linux support status. Revised: Mon Dec 31 19:01: As this page is showing the effect of lagging maintenance (though its author hasn't yet given up), readers should seriously consider. Step by step tutorial on how to add additional hard disks/drives to RAID 5 array with Dell OMSA on the fly without data loss and rebuilding RAID 5 array. Pro 2 Pro 4 Pro 6 2100 3100 3200 4200 Hardware ReadyNAS Business Product Line Comparison Network File Services - Supports Windows, Mac, Linux/UNIX clients
1 eSATA / 3-Port SATA II RAID 5 / JBOD PCI Controller. The ADSA3R5-E features 1 eSATA and 3 internal SATA ports, providing the versatility of both the latest eSATA and the industry standard SATA ports on 1 PCI slot.
Serial ATA succeeded the older Parallel ATA (PATA) standard. The AT Attachment (ATA) name originated after the 1.
IBM Personal Computer AT, more commonly known as the IBM AT. In contrast, parallel ATA (the redesignation for the legacy ATA specifications) used a 1. To ensure backward compatibility with legacy ATA software and applications, SATA uses the same basic ATA and ATAPI command sets as legacy ATA devices. SATA has replaced parallel ATA in consumer desktop and laptop computers; SATA's market share in the desktop PC market was 9. A 2. 00. 8 standard, CFast to replace Compact.
Flash is based on SATA. The SATA- IO group collaboratively creates, reviews, ratifies, and publishes the interoperability specifications, the test cases and plugfests.
As with many other industry compatibility standards, the SATA content ownership is transferred to other industry bodies: primarily the INCITST1. ATA, the INCITS T1. SCSI), a subgroup of T1. Serial Attached SCSI (SAS). The remainder of this article will try to use the terminology and specifications of SATA- IO. Features. Devices and motherboards that meet the interoperability specification are capable of hot plugging.
Unlike PATA, both SATA and e. SATA support hot swapping by design. However, this feature requires proper support at the host, device (drive), and operating- system levels. In general, all SATA devices (drives) support hot swapping (due to the requirements on the device- side), also most SATA host adapters support this command.
It allows the use of advanced features of SATA such as hotplug and native command queuing (NCQ). If AHCI is not enabled by the motherboard and chipset, SATA controllers typically operate in . Modern versions of Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Free.
BSD, Linux with version 2. Even in those instances, a proprietary driver may have been created for a specific chipset, such as Intel's. First- generation SATA interfaces, now known as SATA 1.
Gbit/s, communicate at a rate of 1. Gbit/s, and do not support Native Command Queuing (NCQ). Taking 8b/1. 0b encoding overhead into account, they have an actual uncoded transfer rate of 1. Gbit/s (1. 50 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of SATA 1. Gbit/s is similar to that of PATA/1. SATA devices offer enhancements such as NCQ, which improve performance in a multitasking environment.
During the initial period after SATA 1. Gbit/s finalization, adapter and drive manufacturers used a . Bridged drives have a SATA connector, may include either or both kinds of power connectors, and, in general, perform identically to their native- SATA equivalents. Native SATA products quickly took over the bridged products with the introduction of the second generation of SATA drives.
It is backward compatible with SATA 1. Gbit/s. The theoretical burst throughput of the SATA revision 2. SATA 3 Gbit/s, doubles the throughput of SATA revision 1. All SATA data cables meeting the SATA spec are rated for 3. Gbit/s and handle modern mechanical drives without any loss of sustained and burst data transfer performance. However, high- performance flash- based drives can exceed the SATA 3 Gbit/s transfer rate; this is addressed with the SATA 6 Gbit/s interoperability standard.
SATA revision 3. 0 (6 Gbit/s, 6. MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of SATA 6. Gbit/s is double that of SATA revision 2. It is backward compatible with SATA 3 Gbit/s. In addition, the standard continues to support distances up to one meter. The newer speeds may require higher power consumption for supporting chips, though improved process technologies and power management techniques may mitigate this.
The later specification can use existing SATA cables and connectors, though it was reported in 2. OEMs were expected to upgrade host connectors for the higher speeds.
Unlike PATA, the same connectors are used on 3. SATA hard disks (for desktop and server computers) and 2. Low insertion force is required to mate a SATA connector. A smaller mini- SATA or m. SATA connector is used by smaller devices such as 1. SATA drives, some DVD and Blu- ray drives, and mini SSDs. SATA drives may be plugged into SAS controllers and communicate on the same physical cable as native SAS disks, but SATA controllers cannot handle SAS disks.
Female SATA ports (on motherboards for example) are for use with SATA data cables that have locks or clips to prevent accidental unplugging. Some SATA cables have right- or left- angled connectors to ease connection to circuit boards. Data connector. SATA cables can have lengths up to 1 metre (3. PATA ribbon cables, in comparison, connect one motherboard socket to one or two hard drives, carry either 4. PATA specification; however, cables up to 9.
Thus, SATA connectors and cables are easier to fit in closed spaces, and reduce obstructions to air cooling. Although they are more susceptible to accidental unplugging and breakage than PATA, users can purchase cables that have a locking feature, whereby a small (usually metal) spring holds the plug in the socket. SATA connectors may be straight, right- angled, or left angled. Angled connectors allow lower profile connections. Right- angled (also called 9. Left- angled (also called 2.
One of the problems associated with the transmission of data at high speed over electrical connections is described as noise, which is due to electrical coupling between data circuits and other circuits. As a result, the data circuits can both affect other circuits, and be affected by them. Designers use a number of techniques to reduce the undesirable effects of such unintentional coupling. One such technique used in SATA links is differential signaling. This is an enhancement over PATA, which uses single- ended signaling.
The use of fully shielded twin- ax conductors, with multiple ground connections, for each differential pair improves isolation between the channels and reduces the chances of lost data in difficult electrical environments. A seven- pin SATA data cable (left- angled version of the connector)SATA connector on a 3. The two different pin lengths ensure a specific mating order; the longer lengths are ground pins and make contact first. SATA 3. 0 (6 Gbit/s) cable showing fully shielded twin- ax pairs. Power connectors. It is a wafer- type connector, like the SATA data connector, but much wider (fifteen pins versus seven) to avoid confusion between the two.
Some early SATA drives included the four- pin Molex power connector together with the new fifteen- pin connector, but most SATA drives now have only the latter. The new SATA power connector contains many more pins for several reasons. However, very few drives actually use it, so they may be powered from a four- pin Molex connector with an adapter. To reduce impedance and increase current capability, each voltage is supplied by three pins in parallel, though one pin in each group is intended for precharging (see below). Each pin should be able to carry 1.
A. Five parallel pins provide a low- impedance ground connection. Two ground pins, and one pin for each supplied voltage, support hot- plug precharging. Ground pins 4 and 1.
Drive power connector pins 3, 7, and 1. The drive uses them to charge its internal bypass capacitors through current- limiting resistances.
Finally, the remaining power pins make contact, bypassing the resistances and providing a low- impedance source of each voltage. This two- step mating process avoids glitches to other loads and possible arcing or erosion of the SATA power connector contacts. Pin 1. 1 can function for staggered spinup, activity indication, both, or nothing.
It is an open collector signal, that may be pulled down by the connector or the drive. If pulled down at the connector (as it is on most cable- style SATA power connectors), the drive spins up as soon as power is applied. If left floating, the drive waits until it is spoken to. This prevents many drives from spinning up simultaneously, which might draw too much power. The pin is also pulled low by the drive to indicate drive activity.
This may be used to give feedback to the user through an LED. Passive adapters are available that convert a four- pin Molex connector to a SATA power connector, providing the 5 V and 1. V lines available on the Molex connector, but not 3. V. There are also four- pin Molex- to- SATA power adapters that include electronics to additionally provide the 3.
V power supply. Pin 1 of the slimline signal connector, denoting device presence, is shorter than the others to allow hot- swapping. The slimline signal connector is identical and compatible with the standard version, while the power connector is reduced to six pins so it supplies only +5 V, and not +1.
V or +3. 3 V. There is also a micro data connector, similar in appearance but slightly thinner than the standard data connector. It uses a more robust connector, longer shielded cables, and stricter (but backward- compatible) electrical standards.
The protocol and logical signaling (link/transport layers and above) are identical to internal SATA. The differences are: Minimum transmit amplitude increased: Range is 5.
The e. SATA connector discards the . The contact positions are also changed. The e. SATA cable has an extra shield to reduce EMI to FCC and CE requirements. Internal cables do not need the extra shield to satisfy EMI requirements because they are inside a shielded case. The e. SATA connector uses metal springs for shield contact and mechanical retention. The e. SATA connector has a design- life of 5,0.
SATA connector is only specified for 5. Aimed at the consumer market, e. SATA enters an external storage market served also by the USB and Fire. Wire interfaces. The SATA interface has certain advantages. Most external hard- disk- drive cases with Fire.
Wire or USB interfaces use either PATA or SATA drives and . Some single disks can transfer 1. MB/s during real use. The S3. 20. 0 Fire.
Wire 1. 39. 4b specification reaches around 4. MB/s (3. 2 Gbit/s), and USB 3.